<?php

/**
 * @file classes/metadata/MetadataProperty.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2021 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v3. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class MetadataProperty
 * @ingroup metadata
 * @see MetadataSchema
 * @see MetadataRecord
 *
 * @brief Class representing metadata properties. It specifies type and cardinality
 *  of a meta-data property (=term, field, ...) and whether the property can
 *  be internationalized. It also provides a validator to test whether input
 *  conforms to the property specification.
 *
 *  In the DCMI abstract model, this class specifies a property together with its
 *  allowed range and cardinality.
 *
 *  We also define the resource types (application entities, association types)
 *  that can be described with the property. This allows us to check that only
 *  valid resource associations are made. It also allows us to prepare property
 *  entry forms or displays for a given resource type and integrate these in the
 *  work-flow of the resource. By dynamically adding or removing assoc types,
 *  end users will be able to configure the meta-data fields that they wish to
 *  make available, persist or enter in their application.
 */


// literal values (plain)
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING', 0x01);

// literal values (typed)
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_DATE', 0x02); // This is W3CDTF encoding without time (YYYY[-MM[-DD]])!
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_INTEGER', 0x03);

// non-literal value string from a controlled vocabulary
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY', 0x04);

// non-literal value URI
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_URI', 0x05);

// non-literal value pointing to a separate description set instance (=another MetadataRecord object)
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_COMPOSITE', 0x06);

// allowed cardinality of statements for a given property type in a meta-data schema
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_ONE', 0x01);
define('METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_MANY', 0x02);

class MetadataProperty {
	/** @var string property name */
	var $_name;

	/** @var string a translation id */
	var $_displayName;

	/** @var int the resource types that can be described with this property */
	var $_assocTypes;

	/** @var array allowed property types */
	var $_allowedTypes;

	/** @var boolean flag that defines whether the property can be translated */
	var $_translated;

	/** @var integer property cardinality */
	var $_cardinality;

	/** @var string validation message */
	var $_validationMessage;

	/** @var boolean */
	var $_mandatory;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 * @param $name string the unique name of the property within a meta-data schema (can be a property URI)
	 * @param $assocTypes array an array of integers that define the application entities that can
	 *  be described with this property.
	 * @param $allowedTypes mixed must be a scalar or an array with the supported types, default: METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING
	 * @param $translated boolean whether the property may have various language versions, default: false
	 * @param $cardinality integer must be on of the supported cardinalities, default: METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_ONE
	 * @param $displayName string
	 * @param $validationMessage string A string that can be displayed in case a user tries to set an invalid value for this property.
	 * @param $mandatory boolean Is this a mandatory property within the schema?
	 */
	function __construct($name, $assocTypes = array(), $allowedTypes = METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING,
			$translated = false, $cardinality = METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_ONE, $displayName = null, $validationMessage = null, $mandatory = false) {

		// Validate name and assoc type array
		if (!is_string($name)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$name should be a string.');
		if (!is_array($assocTypes)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$assocTypes should be an array.');

		// A single type will be transformed to an
		// array of types so that we can handle them
		// uniformly.
		if (is_scalar($allowedTypes) || count($allowedTypes) == 1) {
			$allowedTypes = array($allowedTypes);
		}

		// Validate types
		$canonicalizedTypes = array();
		foreach($allowedTypes as $allowedType) {
			if (is_array($allowedType)) {
				// We expect an array with a single entry
				// of the form "type => additional parameter".
				assert(count($allowedType) == 1);
				// Reset the array, just in case...
				reset($allowedType);
				// Extract the type and the additional parameter
				$allowedTypeId = key($allowedType);
				$allowedTypeParam = current($allowedType);
			} else {
				// No additional parameter has been set.
				$allowedTypeId = $allowedType;
				$allowedTypeParam = null;
			}

			// Validate type
			if (!in_array($allowedTypeId, MetadataProperty::getSupportedTypes())) throw new InvalidArgumentException('Allowed types must be supported types!');

			// Transform the type array in a
			// structure that is easy to handle
			// in for loops.
			$canonicalizedTypes[$allowedTypeId][] = $allowedTypeParam;

			// Validate additional type parameter.
			switch($allowedTypeId) {
				case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_COMPOSITE:
					// Validate the assoc id of the composite.
					if (!is_integer($allowedTypeParam)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('Allowed type parameter should be an integer.');
					// Properties that allow composite types cannot be translated.
					if ($translated) throw new InvalidArgumentException('Properties that allow composite types cannot be translated.');
					break;

				case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY:
					// Validate the symbolic name of the vocabulary.
					if (!is_string($allowedTypeParam)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('Allowed type parameter should be a string.');
					break;

				default:
					// No other types support an additional parameter
					if (!is_null($allowedTypeParam)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('An additional parameter was supplied for an unsupported metadata property type.');
			}
		}

		// Validate translation and cardinality
		if (!is_bool($translated)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$translated must be a boolean');
		if (!in_array($cardinality, MetadataProperty::getSupportedCardinalities())) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$cardinality must be a supported cardinality.');

		// Default display name
		if (is_null($displayName)) $displayName = 'metadata.property.displayName.'.$name;
		if (!is_string($displayName)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$displayName must be a string.');

		// Default validation message
		if (is_null($validationMessage)) $validationMessage = 'metadata.property.validationMessage.'.$name;
		if (!is_string($validationMessage)) throw new InvalidArgumentException('$validationMessage must be a string.');


		// Initialize the class
		$this->_name = (string)$name;
		$this->_assocTypes =& $assocTypes;
		$this->_allowedTypes =& $canonicalizedTypes;
		$this->_translated = (boolean)$translated;
		$this->_cardinality = (integer)$cardinality;
		$this->_displayName = (string)$displayName;
		$this->_validationMessage = (string)$validationMessage;
		$this->_mandatory = (boolean)$mandatory;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the name
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getName() {
		return $this->_name;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a canonical form of the property
	 * name ready to be used as a property id in an
	 * external context (e.g. Forms or Templates).
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getId() {
		// Replace special characters in XPath-like names
		// as 'person-group[@person-group-type="author"]'.
		$from = array(
			'[', ']', '@', '"', '='
		);
		$to = array(
			'-', '', '', '', '-'
		);
		$propertyId = trim(str_replace($from, $to, $this->getName()), '-');
		$propertyId = PKPString::camelize($propertyId);
		return $propertyId;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the translation id representing
	 * the display name of the property.
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getDisplayName() {
		return $this->_displayName;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the allowed association types
	 * (resources that can be described
	 * with this property)
	 * @return array a list of integers representing
	 *  association types.
	 */
	function &getAssocTypes() {
		return $this->_assocTypes;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the allowed type
	 * @return integer
	 */
	function getAllowedTypes() {
		return $this->_allowedTypes;
	}

	/**
	 * Is this property translated?
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function getTranslated() {
		return $this->_translated;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the cardinality
	 * @return integer
	 */
	function getCardinality() {
		return $this->_cardinality;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the validation message
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getValidationMessage() {
		return $this->_validationMessage;
	}

	/**
	 * Is this property mandatory?
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function getMandatory() {
		return $this->_mandatory;
	}


	//
	// Public methods
	//
	/**
	 * Validate a given input against the property specification
	 *
	 * The given value must validate against at least one of the
	 * allowed types. The first allowed type id will be returned as
	 * validation result. If the given value fits none of the allowed
	 * types, then we'll return 'false'.
	 *
	 * @param $value mixed the input to be validated
	 * @param $locale string the locale to be used for validation
	 * @return array|boolean an array with a single entry of the format
	 *  "type => additional type parameter" against which the value
	 *  validated or boolean false if not validated at all.
	 */
	function isValid($value, $locale = null) {
		// We never accept null values or arrays.
		if (is_null($value) || is_array($value)) return false;

		// Translate the locale.
		if (is_null($locale)) $locale = '';

		// MetadataProperty::getSupportedTypes() returns an ordered
		// list of possible meta-data types with the most specific
		// type coming first so that we always correctly identify
		// specializations (e.g. a date is a specialized string).
		$allowedTypes = $this->getAllowedTypes();
		foreach (MetadataProperty::getSupportedTypes() as $testedType) {
			if (isset($allowedTypes[$testedType])) {
				foreach ($allowedTypes[$testedType] as $allowedTypeParam) {
					// Type specific validation
					switch ($testedType) {
						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_COMPOSITE:
							// Composites can either be represented by a meta-data description
							// or by a string of the form AssocType:AssocId if the composite
							// has already been persisted in the database.
							switch(true) {
								// Test for MetadataDescription format
								case is_a($value, 'MetadataDescription'):
									$assocType = $value->getAssocType();
									break;

								// Test for AssocType:AssocId format
								case is_string($value):
									$valueParts = explode(':', $value);
									if (count($valueParts) != 2) break 2; // break the outer switch
									list($assocType, $assocId) = $valueParts;
									if (!(is_numeric($assocType) && is_numeric($assocId))) break 2; // break the outer switch
									$assocType = (integer)$assocType;
									break;

								default:
									// None of the allowed types
									break;
							}

							// Check that the association type matches
							// with the allowed association type (which
							// is configured as an additional type parameter).
							if (isset($assocType) && $assocType === $allowedTypeParam) return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_COMPOSITE => $assocType);
							break;

						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY:
							// Interpret the type parameter of this type like this:
							// symbolic[:assoc-type:assoc-id]. If no assoc type/id are
							// given then we assume :0:0 to represent site-wide vocabs.
							$vocabNameParts = explode(':', $allowedTypeParam);
							$vocabNamePartsCount = count($vocabNameParts);
							switch ($vocabNamePartsCount) {
								case 1:
									// assume a site-wide vocabulary
									$symbolic = $allowedTypeParam;
									$assocType = $assocId = 0;
									break;

								case 3:
									// assume a context-specific vocabulary
									list($symbolic, $assocType, $assocId) = $vocabNameParts;
									break;

								default:
									// Invalid configuration
									assert(false);
							}

							if (is_string($value)) {
								// Try to translate the string value into a controlled vocab entry
								$controlledVocabEntryDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ControlledVocabEntryDAO'); /* @var $controlledVocabEntryDao ControlledVocabEntryDAO */
								if (!is_null($controlledVocabEntryDao->getBySetting($value, $symbolic, $assocType, $assocId, 'name', $locale))) {
									// The string was successfully translated so mark it as "valid".
									return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY => $allowedTypeParam);
								}
							}

							if (is_integer($value)) {
								// Validate with controlled vocabulary validator
								import('lib.pkp.classes.validation.ValidatorControlledVocab');
								$validator = new ValidatorControlledVocab($symbolic, $assocType, $assocId);
								if ($validator->isValid($value)) {
									return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY => $allowedTypeParam);
								}
							}

							break;

						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_URI:
							import('lib.pkp.classes.validation.ValidatorFactory');
							$validator = ValidatorFactory::make(
								array('uri' => $value),
								array('uri' => 'url')
							);
							if (!$validator->fails()) {
								return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_URI => null);
							}
							break;

						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_DATE:
							// We allow the following patterns:
							// YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM and YYYY
							$datePattern = '/^[0-9]{4}(-[0-9]{2}(-[0-9]{2})?)?$/';
							if (!preg_match($datePattern, $value)) break;

							// Check whether the given string is really a valid date
							$dateParts = explode('-', $value);
							// Set the day and/or month to 1 if not set
							$dateParts = array_pad($dateParts, 3, 1);
							// Extract the date parts
							list($year, $month, $day) = $dateParts;
							// Validate the date (only leap days will pass unnoticed ;-) )
							// Who invented this argument order?
							if (checkdate($month, $day, $year)) return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_DATE => null);
							break;

						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_INTEGER:
							if (is_integer($value)) return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_INTEGER => null);
							break;

						case METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING:
							if (is_string($value)) return array(METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING => null);
							break;

						default:
							// Unknown type. As we validate type in the setter, this
							// should be unreachable code.
							assert(false);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Return false if the value didn't validate against any
		// of the allowed types.
		return false;
	}

	//
	// Public static methods
	//
	/**
	 * Return supported meta-data property types
	 *
	 * NB: These types are sorted from most specific to
	 * most general and will be validated in this order
	 * so that we'll always identify more specific types
	 * as such (see MetadataProperty::isValid() for more
	 * details).
	 *
	 * @return array supported meta-data property types
	 */
	static function getSupportedTypes() {
		static $_supportedTypes = array(
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_COMPOSITE,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_VOCABULARY,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_URI,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_DATE,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_INTEGER,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_TYPE_STRING
		);
		return $_supportedTypes;
	}

	/**
	 * Return supported cardinalities
	 * @return array supported cardinalities
	 */
	static function getSupportedCardinalities() {
		static $_supportedCardinalities = array(
			METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_ONE,
			METADATA_PROPERTY_CARDINALITY_MANY
		);
		return $_supportedCardinalities;
	}
}