EMERGENTIST PANENTHEISM AND ORTHODOX THEOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY ENCOUNTER

Abstract

Emergence theory addresses complexity and newness in nature, relying on discoveries in chemistry, biology, and physics. It aligns better with modern science compared to physicalism and dualism. Theology must engage with the emergence due to its connection to modern culture and science, but existing interaction models present theological challenges. This paper presents an alternative approach through three methods: analyzing emergence, comparing it to Orthodox theology, and proposing a new synthesis. Chapter one clarifies emergence, highlighting its features and real-world examples, like consciousness. It introduces the concept of dynamical depth of emergence, offering theological possibilities and noting limitations. Chapter two explores emergence's impact on theology, leading to process philosophy and panentheism. It discusses emergent Christology and identifies problematic trends in emergentist theologies. Chapter three critically evaluates emergentist theologies and Christology from an Orthodox perspective. It proposes a balanced interaction between emergence and theology by combining the concepts of dynamical depth and the logoi of beings. Emergence theory challenges and offers opportunities for theology, particularly in understanding divine action. As presented in the new proposal, a balanced approach is needed, shifting from downward causation to upward causation through divine energies.